INTERPOL Red Notice
Defence國際刑警
紅色通緝令抗辯
INTERPOL may issue Red Notices to 196 member countries to pursue target persons worldwide. New Zealand's National Central Bureau (NCB) generally becomes involved under the following circumstances:國際刑警可以向196個會員國發出紅色通緝令 (Red Notice), 全球追緝目標人物 (Target Persons)。 紐西蘭國家中央分局 National Central Bureau (NCB) 一般在下列情況下介入：
International law enforcement agencies have exchanged intelligence and cooperated frequently and closely, striving to jointly combat domestic and transnational crime. INTERPOL, headquartered in Lyon, France, has played an important role in coordinating investigation and pursuit efforts among 196 member countries. People often mistakenly believe that whenever there is a major transnational case, INTERPOL must be called upon to pursue and arrest target persons. In fact, INTERPOL is merely a central liaison organisation for coordination and information exchange, and has no power of arrest or prosecution. At the request of a member country's National Central Bureau, INTERPOL issues Red Notices to pursue target persons globally and bring them to justice. Arrest operations are carried out by the law enforcement personnel of the country where the target person is located, which is also responsible for arranging the relevant extradition proceedings.國際執法組織互相交換情報, 合作頻繁緊密, 務求聯手打撃本土及跨國罪行。總部位於法國里昂 (Lyon) 的國際刑警 (INTERPOL) 起了重要作用, 協調196個會員國的偵查及追緝工作。人們常誤以為有什麼重大跨國案件就得要求國際刑警出動追緝並拘捕目標人物 (Target Persons)。其實, 國際刑警只是一個中央聯絡協調交換情報的組織, 並沒有拘捕及起訴的權力。國際刑警按會員國的國家中央分局 (National Central Bureau) 要求發出紅色通緝令 (Red Notice), 全球追緝目標人物歸案。拘捕行動由目標人物所在的國家執法人員負責並安排有關的引渡程序 (Extradition Proceedings)。
Red Notices are issued based on information provided by a member country's National Central Bureau, and are circulated to the law enforcement authorities of 196 member countries, including police, customs border control, and immigration departments, etc.紅色通緝令 (Red Notice) 是根據會員國的國家中央分局 (National Central Bureau) 所提供的資料而發出, 通報196個會員國的執法部門包括警方, 海關邊防及出入境部門等。
Red Notices have profound impacts on target persons:紅色通緝令 (Red Notice) 對目標人物有極深遠的影響:
In recent years, cases of the abuse and excessive issuance of Red Notices have been endless, raising concerns that INTERPOL has become a rubber stamp and has been frequently criticized. In some countries, law enforcement agencies and personnel abuse procedures, violate rules and regulations, engage in political suppression, and even fabricate evidence, pursue personal vendettas, suppress dissenters, and target commercial competitors. If target persons are extradited, it is simply impossible for them to receive a fair trial.近年濫發紅色通緝令的個案不絕, 人們擔心國際刑警已淪為橡皮圖章 (Rubber Stamp), 常被垢病。更有某些國家的執法機構及人員濫用程序, 違規違章, 政治打壓, 甚至偽造證據, 公報私仇, 打擊異己及針對商業對手的情況及個案。目標人物 (Target Persons) 如果被引渡, 根本不可能有公平審訊 (Fair Trial)。
An Interpol Red Notice is a sophisticated legal weapon, often utilized by states to pursue individuals across borders. Defending against one is not standard criminal litigation; it is an administrative, procedural challenge involving an international organization with unique internal processes.國際刑警組織（Interpol）的紅色通緝令（Red Notice）是一種複雜的法律武器，國家通常利用它在跨境範圍內追捕個人。針對紅色通緝令進行辯護並非一般的刑事訴訟，而是一項涉及國際組織及其獨特行政及內部程序的挑戰。Parnell Law Chambers專注於處理這類複雜的跨司法管轄區的法律事務。
At Parnell Law Chambers, we specialize in these complex, cross-jurisdictional matters. We provide authoritative, discrete defence, focusing on the sophisticated legal arguments required to successfully challenge and delete Interpol Red Notices, ensuring our clients' freedom and reputation are preserved. If you are facing an Interpol Red Notice, seek immediate and specialized international legal counsel. The stakes are global.鑒於 INTERPOL 的檔案與通告可供全球 196 個國家的警方查閱跟進行動，任何其個人資料被 Interpol 處理的人，都可能在邊境或其他管制點被攔截與盤查；亦可能遭到拒絕入境或拒發簽證、被遣返，甚至被逮捕並面臨引渡。
Seeking relief against Interpol in the relevant local court is problematical for aggrieved individuals.對於受到影響的個人而言，在相關地方法院對 INTERPOL 尋求法律支援通常相當困難。
However, it is possible to invoke Interpol's internal rules in order to have a Red Notice revoked, or to seek the amendment or deletion of information held by Interpol, by making an application to the Commission for the Control of Interpol's Files (CCF).然而，當事人仍可依據 INTERPOL 的內部規則採取行動，例如申請撤銷紅色通緝令（Red Notice），或要求更正或刪除 Interpol 所持有的相關資訊。此類申請可向 Commission for the Control of Interpol's Files（CCF） 提出。
An independent monitoring body established under Articles 36 and 37 of Interpol's Constitution. It operates in accordance with the Operating Rules of the Commission for the Control of Interpol's Files and the Rules on the Control of Information and Access to Interpol's Files.根據國際刑警組織憲章第36及37條設立的獨立監察機構，依照《國際刑警檔案控制委員會運作規則》及《國際刑警檔案資訊控制及查閱規則》運作。
It has three main functions:其三大主要職能如下：
Individuals have the right to ask the CCF to examine any material held by Interpol about them (eg an accusation of crime) and to request that it be deleted if, for example, it is politically motivated and so incompatible with Article 3 of Interpol's Constitution, or to seek its amendment if it is inaccurate.個人有權要求CCF審查國際刑警就其所持有的任何資料（如刑事指控），並可要求刪除該資料——例如若該資料出於政治動機，違反國際刑警憲章第3條；或若資料不準確，可申請更正。
In short, the circulation of a Red Notice must comply with the rules set by INTERPOL. If the information provided by a member country's National Central Bureau does not meet the requirements of the rules, INTERPOL must cancel the relevant Red Notice.簡言之, 紅色通緝令的通報必須符合國際刑警定下的規章 (Rules), 如果會員國的國家中央分局 (National Central Bureau) 所提供的資料不符合規章 (Rules) 的要求, 國際刑警就必須取消有關的紅色通緝令 (Red Notice) 。
The procedure for applying to the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL's Files (CCF) for the deletion of a Red Notice is extremely complex:向國際刑警的 Commission for the Control of Interpol's Files 委員會 (CCF) 申請取消紅色通緝令 (Red Notice) 的程序極為複雜:
If the Red Notice cannot be successfully cancelled at the first stage, an application for revision of the decision may be made in accordance with the Statute of the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL's Files, but the following conditions must be met:若未能成功在第一階段取消紅色通緝令，可根據 Statute of the Commission for the Control of Interpol's Files 申請重新審視有關裁決，但必須符合以下條件：
For the high-profile individual with significant assets, international operations, or political visibility, the sudden appearance of an Interpol Red Notice can dismantle a carefully built life and business in hours. It is not merely a formality; it is a request for worldwide cooperation that mandates provisional arrest and extradition, effectively freezing your ability to travel and conduct business globally.國際刑警組織（INTERPOL）紅色通緝令（Red Notice）的突然出現，可能在數小時內徹底打亂原本穩定的生活、工作或生意業務。紅色通緝令並不僅僅是一項形式上的通知，而是一項全球執法合作請求，要求各國協助定位並臨時拘留某人，以便進行引渡或其他法律程序。其實際效果往往是限制當事人的全球旅行能力，並對其商業活動產生重大影響。
In New Zealand and across complex jurisdictions, defending against a Red Notice requires a highly specialised blend of legal strategy, procedural knowledge of the Commission for the Control of Interpol's Files (CCF), and discretion. This guide outlines the immediate, high-stakes actions required when confronting this international challenge.在紐西蘭以及其他複雜的司法管轄區中，應對紅色通緝令需要精密的法律策略、對國際刑警組織檔案控制委員會Commission for the Control of Interpol's Files（CCF）程序的深入理解，以及極為謹慎的操作方式。本指引概述了在面對這一國際法律挑戰時的關鍵行動要點。
It is crucial to clarify what a Red Notice signifies. It is not an international arrest warrant. It is a request to law enforcement agencies worldwide to locate and provisionally arrest a person pending extradition, surrender, or similar legal action.首先必須明確的是：紅色通緝令並非國際逮捕令。它實際上是向全球執法機構發出的協助請求，要求在可能情況下定位並臨時拘留某人，以待引渡或其他法律程序。
The critical issue is how receiving countries interpret and act upon this request. Many jurisdictions, including some of New Zealand's significant extradition partners, view a Red Notice as a powerful indicator of serious criminality, often resulting in immediate detention upon entry.然而，真正關鍵的問題在於各個國家如何解讀與執行這項請求。在包括紐西蘭若干主要引渡合作夥伴在內的司法管轄區，紅色通緝令通常被視為涉及嚴重刑事犯罪的重要信號，並可能導致當事人在入境時立即被拘留。
The core defence against a Red Notice lies in proving that its existence, the underlying request, or the issuing country's intent violates Interpol's own Constitution and rules.挑戰紅色通緝令的核心在於證明該通告的存在、背後的請求或發出國的意圖，違反了國際刑警組織自身的章程與規則。
While Interpol is a powerful entity, it is not above international law, and its governing documents contain specific prohibitions that form the foundation of a successful challenge:雖然國際刑警組織是一個強大的國際合作機構，但它並不凌駕於國際法之上。其章程中的多項限制，正是成功挑戰紅色通緝令的重要法律基礎：
根據國際刑警組織《章程》第三條，該組織嚴格禁止任何具有政治、軍事、宗教或種族性質的介入或活動。如果紅色通緝令源於政治迫害或政治動機，則該通告應被視為無效並予以刪除。
這需要對案件背景進行深入審查，以判斷政治因素是否在整體案件中佔據主導地位。
› 透過酷刑取得證據
› 嚴重違反基本人權
› 缺乏基本的司法程序保障
則可依據國際刑警組織所遵循的《世界人權宣言》原則提出挑戰。
If you believe you may be, or know you are, subject to a Red Notice, there is zero margin for error. The response must be swift, strategic, and legally robust.如果您認為自己可能已受到紅通影響，時間至關重要。任何應對措施都必須迅速、具有戰略性，並在法律上嚴謹周密。
A Red Notice can paralyse your life, but impulsive actions can make the legal situation worse. If you believe you are being targeted by a foreign state through Interpol, follow these critical steps:紅色通緝令可能會使您的生活陷入停滯，但衝動行動往往會使法律處境更加惡化。如果您相信自己正被某外國政府透過國際刑警組織鎖定，請遵循以下關鍵步驟：
- Do: Switch to end-to-end encrypted platforms like Signal.應該：改用端對端加密通訊平台，例如 Signal。
- Don't: Discuss the details of the underlying "crime" or your location over unencrypted channels.不應該：在未加密渠道中討論所涉「罪名」的細節或您的所在地。
- Evidence of business disputes with the accusers.與指控方之間存在商業糾紛的證據。
- Media reports showing political persecution in the requesting country.顯示請求國存在政治迫害的媒體報導。
- Documentation proving the "criminal" charge is actually a private civil matter.證明所謂「刑事指控」實際上屬於私人民事糾紛的文件。